Reinvestigating the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) hypothesis by a composite model constructed on the Armey curve hypothesis with government spending for the US States
Yazarlar (8)
Anadolu Üniversitesi, Türkiye
University Of South Florida, Tampa, Amerika Birleşik Devletleri
Prof. Dr. Ümit BULUT
Kırşehir Ahi Evran Üniversitesi, Türkiye
Galatasaray Üniversitesi, Türkiye
Beijing Institute Of Technology, Çin
Universidad Espíritu Santo, Ekvator
School Of Economics, Zhejiang University, Çin
Henan Agricultural University, Çin
| Makale Türü | Özgün Makale (SSCI, AHCI, SCI, SCI-Exp dergilerinde yayınlanan tam makale) | ||
| Dergi Adı | Environmental Science and Pollution Research (Q2) | ||
| Dergi ISSN | 0944-1344 Wos Dergi Scopus Dergi | ||
| Dergi Tarandığı Indeksler | SCI-Expanded | ||
| Makale Dili | Türkçe | Basım Tarihi | 03-2022 |
| Cilt / Sayı / Sayfa | 29 / 11 / 16472–16483 | DOI | 10.1007/s11356-021-16720-2 |
| Makale Linki | http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-16720-2 | ||
| Özet |
| This study reinvestigates the EKC hypothesis for US states with a new methodology that differs from all previous empirical studies using traditional EKC models. To this aim, this methodology, for the first time, unifies two seemingly different but strongly interrelated hypotheses (models), namely the Armey curve (AC) and traditional EKC models, into one single composite model. The rationale for creating this composite model is twofold. First, the functional propositions of these two hypotheses are depicted with inverted U-shaped curves. Second, they also have economically interrelated-causal relationships. This means that rising government spending (through the AC hypothesis) increases real GDP per capita (RGDPPC) and, consequently, increases in RGDPPC (through the EKC hypothesis) increase CO2 emissions. The composite model created may also allow US state policymakers to determine a single maximum spending level that will maximize or minimize CO2 emissions. Empirical findings indicate that the composite model is capable of testing the EKC hypothesis for 7 US states. Additionally, for 7 US states, maximum spending level was calculated to be around 15% of their RGDPPCs. Hence, with this calculated spending level, policymakers of these states may be able to determine-adjust their golden spending levels so as not to cause environmental degradation and declines in GDP. |
| Anahtar Kelimeler |
| The Armey curve hypothesis | the EKC hypothesis |
BM Sürdürülebilir Kalkınma Amaçları
| Atıf Sayıları | |
| WoS | 80 |
| SCOPUS | 80 |
| Google Scholar | 109 |